Genesis 10:1-32

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Cross-references

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The List of Nations

  • A list of the heads (or ancestors) of the various nations that developed, after separate languages had been formed at Babel (Genesis 11:1-9).
  • This is how the various descendants of Noah spread out in the early centuries of the Third World Ecosystem.


Details and Comments

  • This list was written at some point after the peoples had been divided into various language groups (at Babel), but probably no later than the days of Abraham. (As time would progress and populations increased, other nations would develop and spread out; so large portions of the world are not included here in the list.)
  • Other offspring existed; but only those who are significant for the list of nations are given here. The offspring of Peleg, Abraham's ancestor, are not included - they can be found in the next chapter, in a separate list.

Who Went Where?

Some of the nations on this list cannot be identified with certainty, but approximate areas are given here:

  • Though Japheth's list is comparatively small, his offspring may have been more numerous and may have spread out further than the offspring of the other two sons of Noah. Most of them were located north and northwest of Canaan (where the nation of Israel would eventually be located). This would include areas ranging from modern-day Iran to perhaps Italy or beyond.
  • The list of Ham's offspring is very extensive. Ham's offspring included the peoples of Egypt, Canaan and Philistia. Others lived among the descendants of Shem (in places such as Nineveh and Babel). The offspring of Ham had a significant role in later events related to the nation of Israel.
  • The descendants of Shem tended to live east of Israel, in the areas around modern-day Saudi Arabia and Iraq.


Scripture

Genesis 10:1-32 - The list of nations


Scripture Passage Comments and Links
Gen 10:1 Now this is the history of the generations of the sons of Noah and of Shem, Ham, and Japheth. Sons were born to them after the flood. No sons were born prior to the Flood.
Gen 10:2 The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.

Gen 10:3 The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

Gen 10:4 The sons of Javan: Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim.

Gen 10:5 Of these were the islands of the nations divided in their lands, everyone after his language, after their families, in their nations.

Sons of JAPHETH

The phrase, "everyone after his language" indicates that this list was written after the event at Babel, where each group ended up with its own language. Something similar to this phrase can be found after each of the three family lists.

Gen 10:6 The sons of Ham: Cush, Mizraim, Put, and Canaan.

Gen 10:7 The sons of Cush: Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah, and Sabteca. The sons of Raamah: Sheba and Dedan.

Sons of HAM - SON #1
Gen 10:8 Cush became the father of Nimrod. He began to be a mighty one in the earth.

Gen 10:9 He was a mighty hunter before Yahweh. Therefore it is said, "Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before Yahweh."

Gen 10:10 The beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.

Gen 10:11 Out of that land he went forth into Assyria, and built Nineveh, Rehoboth Ir, Calah,

Gen 10:12 and Resen between Nineveh and Calah (the same is the great city).

Nimrod the "Hunter" - His "hunting" didn't involve going after animals, but after people - enslaving them. With these human slaves, he could build his cities. Many of these cities were in the area that is now called Iraq.
Gen 10:13 Mizraim became the father of Ludim, Anamim, Lehabim, Naphtuhim,

Gen 10:14 Pathrusim, Casluhim (which the Philistines descended from), and Caphtorim.

Sons of HAM - SON #2
Gen 10:15 Canaan became the father of Sidon (his firstborn), Heth,

Gen 10:16 the Jebusite, the Amorite, the Girgashite,

Gen 10:17 the Hivite, the Arkite, the Sinite,

Gen 10:18 the Arvadite, the Zemarite, and the Hamathite. Afterward the families of the Canaanites were spread abroad.

Gen 10:19 The border of the Canaanites was from Sidon, as you go toward Gerar, to Gaza; as you go toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim, to Lasha.

Gen 10:20 These are the sons of Ham, after their families, after their languages, in their lands, in their nations.

(There is no list for Ham's third son.)

Sons of HAM - SON #4

Gen 10:21 To Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, the elder brother of Japheth, to him also were children born.

Gen 10:22 The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram.

Gen 10:23 The sons of Aram: Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash.

Gen 10:24 Arpachshad became the father of Shelah. Shelah became the father of Eber.

Gen 10:25 To Eber were born two sons. The name of the one was Peleg, for in his days the earth was divided. His brother's name was Joktan.

Gen 10:26 Joktan became the father of Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah,

Gen 10:27 Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah,

Gen 10:28 Obal, Abimael, Sheba,

Gen 10:29 Ophir, Havilah, and Jobab. All these were the sons of Joktan.

Gen 10:30 Their dwelling was from Mesha, as you go toward Sephar, the mountain of the east.

Gen 10:31 These are the sons of Shem, after their families, after their languages, in their lands, after their nations.

Sons of SHEM


The earth was "divided" - language divisions. This was the time that the Tower of Babel was built. More details are given in Genesis 11:1-9.

In this list, no offspring are listed for Peleg. However, he did have descendants. Abraham was one of them! (See Genesis 11:10-32.)

Gen 10:32 These are the families of the sons of Noah, after their generations, in their nations. Of these were the nations divided in the earth after the flood.


1:1 - 2:3  •  2:4-25  •  3:1-24  •  4:1-26  •  5:1-32  •  6:1-8  •  6:9-22  •  7:1-24  •  8:1-22  •  9:1-29  •  10:1-32  •  11:1-9  •  11:10-32  •  12:1-10  •  13:1-18  •  14:1-24  •  15:13-21  •  17:1-27  •  19:1-29  •  21:14-19, 25-32  •  26:1-33  •  30 & 31 (selected verses)

Scripture Passages
(Only books that have relevance to this study have active links. The others are in italics.)

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—— To avoid any copyright issues, all Scripture is either from a public domain translation (such as the World English Bible), my own translation, or a combination of these. ——
The name "Yahweh," when present in an Old Testament passage, represents the Hebrew name for the God of the Bible.
Unless otherwise noted, all notes and comments are © by Dennis Hinks.